Contenido Above Ground Storage Tanks Practical Guide to Construction, Inspection, and Testing

Covers All Site Activities after Design
 
Above Ground Storage Tanks: Practical Guide to Construction, Inspection, and Testing is an ideal guide for engineers involved in the mechanical construction of above ground storage tanks. This text details the construction of storage tanks in accordance with the American Petroleum Institute requirements for API 650, and is the first book to cover every stage subsequent to the design of storage tanks. The author focuses on the mechanical construction, inspection, and testing of storage tanks and all aspects on-site after design, and explains the relevance of code requirements. In addition, he incorporates real-world applications based on his own experience, and provides a host of practical tips, useful in avoiding repair and reworks during construction of storage tanks.

• Presents material compiled according to the requirements of API 650 for the construction of   storage tanks

• Includes coverage of the practical aspects of tank farm layout, design, foundation, erection, welding, inspection and testing

• Explains the details of construction /welding sequences and NDT with simple sketches and tables

• Spells out applicable codes and specifications, and provides logical explanations of various code requirements

A reference for beginners and practitioners in the construction industry, Above Ground Storage Tanks: Practical Guide to Construction, Inspection, and Testingcontains valuable information on API 650 code requirements and specifications, and the construction of above ground storage tanks.


API Specification for Storage Tanks

Jurisdiction of Various Standards for Storages

Layout of API 650 Based on April 2013 Edition

Classification of Storages
 
Some Basics about Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Classification of Storages (NFPA 30)

Classification of Storages (Institute of Petroleum)

Tank Farm Layout
 
Considerations

Typical Tank Farms

Spacing of Tanks as per NFPA 30 (2003 Edition)

Minimum Distances (NFPA 30)

Spacing of a Tank for Petroleum Stocks as per the Institute of Petroleum Guidelines for Classes I, II, and III(2)

API Tank Sizes for Layout Purpose (Based on API 650)

Summary of Refinery Storage Tanks

Use of Floating and Fixed Roof Tanks

Storage Tank Capacity Chart

Tank Design
 
Tank Design Considerations

Design Aids Available

Basis for Designing

Design Calculations

Drawings

Certified for Construction Drawings and Documents

Documents for Statutory and Client Approvals

Design Change Note

As-Built Documents

Tank Foundation
 
Considerations for the Selection of Foundation

Types of Foundations

Handing Over the Foundation

Sequence of Mechanical Works for Storage Tank Erection
 
Preliminary Works on Award of Contract

Responsibility Matrix (Head Office and Site)

Organization Setup at Site

Design, Drawings, and Documents Approval

List of Documents

Preparation of Bill of Materials with Specifications

Inquiry and Purchase of Raw Materials

Materials Procured from Stockists or Traders

Purchase or Transfer of Construction Equipment to Site

List of Equipment Required at Site

Work Contracts

Local Contracts and Purchases at Site

Tank Erection
 
Storage Tank Erection

Inspection of Raw Materials

Identification and Traceability of Raw Materials

Marking of Plates

Cutting of Plates and Other Pressure and Load Retaining Parts

Inspection of Plates after Cutting and Edge Preparation

Bending of Plates

Laying of Bottom (Annular, Bottom, and Sketch) Plates

Erection of Shell Courses, Roofs, and Other Appurtenances
 
General

Conventional Method

Bygging or Jacking Up Method

Comparison of Erection Methodology

Erection of Shells by Conventional Method

Methodology for Tank Erection by Jacking Up Method

Erection of Roof Structure and Cone Roof Plates

Shell Appurtenances

Manufacture of Subassemblies

Installation of Appurtenances

Spiral Stairway, Handrails, Platforms, and Other Support Attachments

Welding
 
Weld Edge Preparation

Typical Weld Joints

Restrictions on Types of Weld Joints

Shell Vertical Joints

Welding Processes

Welding Procedure Specifications

Procedure Qualification

Welder Qualification

Welder’s Identification Cards

Welding Sequence

Electrodes Storage and Their Drying

Weld Repairs

Weld Repair Procedure

Inspection and Testing of Welds
 
Summary of Inspection and Tests

Butt Welds

Fillet Welds (Pressure Retaining)

Other Structural Welds on Shell and Roof (Inside and Outside)

Inspection (Dimensional)

Nondestructive Testing
 
Radiographic Testing

Minimum Number and Location of Radiographs Required as per API 650

Weld Maps with Pictorial Presentation of Radiography

Other Requirements for Radiography

Ultrasonic Testing

Magnetic Particle Testing

Liquid Penetrant Testing

Visual Examination or Testing

Weld Maps

Documentation of NDT

Other Tests
 
Vacuum Box Testing

Pneumatic Testing of Reinforcement Pads

Hydrostatic Testing of Tank

Measurement of Settlement of Tank during Hydrostatic Testing

Alternate Tests in Lieu of Hydrostatic Testing

Testing of Roof

Testing of Roof for Appendix F Tanks

Cleaning, Internal Lining, and External Painting
 
Cleaning after Hydrostatic Test

Planning for Surface Preparation and Lining or Painting

Surface Preparation (Write-up Courtesy M/s Transocean Coating, Rotterdam)

Edge and Weld Preparation for New Constructions

Paints and Their Uses

Effective Life of Coating and Film Thickness

Other Requirements by Clients for Surface Preparation and Lining and Painting of Tanks

Commonly Used Color Schemes to Reduce Vapor Loss

Commonly Used External Coating Systems (for Atmospheric Temperatures)

Commonly Used Internal Lining Systems (for Atmospheric Temperatures)

Inspection and Tests with Recommended Frequency for Surface Preparation and Lining and Painting

Documentation
 
General

Manufacturer’s Record Book

Suggested Contents for MRB

Documents Not Specified by a Standard

General Requirement for Contents of MRB

Records and Reports of Inspections, Tests, and Calibrations

Certification for Materials

Heat Treatment Records and Charts

NDE Reports

Formats
 
General

Formats for Fixed Cone Roof Tanks

Additional Formats for Floating Roof Tanks

Bibliography

Annexure A: Material Specification Summary

Annexure B: Recommended Joint Design Guide to Sketches and

Tables of API 650

Annexure C: Welding Procedure and Welder Qualification Requirements

Annexure D: Radiography of Storage Tanks

Annexure E: Inspection and Test Plan

Annexure F: Requirements for Floating Roof Tanks

Annexure G: Additional Inspections and Tests for Floating Roof Tanks

Annexure H: Calibration of Tanks

Annexure I: Floating Roof Drains

Annexure J: Floating Roof Seal Selection Guidelines